Bastian (1874:221-3) describes Sindungo (Dungo sing.) secret society from Cabinda, on the Atlantic coast, whose membership was transmitted from father to son. New members were admitted after passing complicated ceremonies and the society stood under the control of an official who used to summon them in the bush. Badunga was a secret society with two main purposes: service to the chief and invocation of rain. If somebody wanted to exact debts he had to approach the chief, who then sent masked Sindungo members to collect debts and plunder villages in the night. Because of the masks they wore, the members remained unknown. (Source: AHDRC)